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Life is like a ten speed bicycle. Most of us have gears we never use. - Charles M. Schulz

Introduction

Even though most us make use of the gearboxes in our daily lives (either directly or indirectly), still not many of us appreciate its importance and relevance in today's technological innovations. For the beginners, gearboxes provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device using gear ratios.

The most common usage of gearboxes is in the auto mobiles, where the transmission adapts the output of the internal combustion engine to drive wheels. Such engines need to operate at a relatively high rotational speed, which is not appropriate for starting, stopping or slow travel. The transmission reduces the higher engine speed to the slower wheel speed and thus increasing torque in the process. Wherever, rotational speed and torque needs to be adapted, gearboxes comes in handy like on pedal bicycles, fixed machines etc.

Often, a transmission will have multiple gears, with the ability to switch for speed variance. Usually this switching is done manually though sometimes it can be automated as well. An interesting point to note here is that conventional gear/belt transmissions are not the only mechanism for speed/torque adaptation. Alternative mechanisms include torque converters and power transformation.

Scope In Different Industries

In almost all the manufacturing plants, complex gearboxes are one of the most critical equipments. In order to avoid unnecessary overhead expenses one should have the ability to know precisely when to replace bearings otherwise there could be huge losses due to unnecessary shut-downs or catastrophic failures.

Gear boxes are used in various industries like cement, petrochemical, power, paper & pulp, steel etc. They are also used in limestone, plastic-cement, ore, slag, plaster, coal-kibbling and so on. Today, gearboxes are available in novel structures, with advance features like shock resistance, anti-vibration, small volume, light in weight along with a longer shelf life.

Upcoming Trend

After several years of uncertainty, there are reports that the worldwide market for wind turbine gear boxes is about to experience high demand. The industry insiders say that the demand for wind turbine gear boxes is finally growing up along the expected lines. One more factor which has helped this renewed demand is that most of the countries have recovered from recession and are in a position to take decisions for substantial investment in wind energy.

There are estimates that the worldwide market for wind turbine gear boxes could be $ 3.8 billion, with a growth rate of around 16% per annum. Gear box exporters are unfazed by new challenges and are keen to adopt latest technologies to remain profitable.

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For the resolving powers of our scientific instruments decide, at a given moment, of the size and the vision of our Universe, and of the image we then make of ourselves. - Albert Claude

Introduction

Wiki defines a scientific instrument as any type of equipment, machine or device which is specifically designed or constructed ingeniously refined to apply utmost efficiency in the utilization of some well proven physical principle, relationship or technology to facilitate the pursuit, acquisition and storage of repeatable, and verifiable data.

As India is growing by leaps and bounds in the science and technology sector, the demand for the scientific instruments is experiencing an overall increase . During the downturn the single most affected sector was R&D as many thought it was something which can be put on hold till the recession gets over. Quite naturally the demand for such instruments came down . Now as the economy is heading towards recovery, this sector is also getting the much needed push.

Scientific instruments are usually a part of laboratory equipments, but are considered more sophisticated and more specialized than other measuring instruments as scales, meter sticks, chronometers etc.

Chinese Scenario

Industry observers feels that the scientific instrumentation industry has a huge market potential in china. As per the the last available statistics the chinese scientific instrumentation industry is estimated to reach 100 billion Yuan by the end of 2010. China’s growth projection is being attributed to steady economic growth, investments into R& D with a long term vision and favourable business environment.

Currently, china is mostly into low-grade equipment production, however, soon high-end equipment production could take the centre stage. The general notion is that the high end production is taken care by the US based multinationals and a conscious effort is being made to encourage chinese companies to venture out in this segment.

India's challenges

Even though there have been long talks about laying the emphasis on the research and development in India, not much has been done in practise. On top of that, the talent poaching by the western countries and the multi nationals in India is depriving the country of its most valuable asset. Many scientific instrument suppliers echo the fact that the Indian govt. needs to look into this with utmost priority.

Scientific instrument suppliers further add that in today's highly competitive market conditions, the lack of healthy competition within the industry norms, constraints on the profit margins has further complicated their problems. The only silver lining in the cloud is - the positive economic forecast for the Indian market. Needless to say, the scientific instrument suppliers are anticipating better times ahead !

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“Life is a train of moods like a string of beads; and as we pass through them they prove to be many colored lenses, which paint the world their own hue, and each shows us only what lies in its own focus.” - Ralph Waldo Emerson

Its a wide known fact that women find the charm of jewellery irresistible and form the biggest target consumer base for the jewellery makers, worldwide. Beaded jewelry constitutes an important and indispensable part of most jewelry items. Their versatility can add charm and beauty to any type of ordinary design or style. Without an iota of doubt, beaded jewelry is a - must have, among all the jewelry lovers across the globe.

Beads can be made from natural materials to synthetic materials and of course, precious metals. The most popular beaded jewelry includes singular or multiple-strand necklaces, bracelets, earrings, anklets, trinkets and belts. A well crafted beaded jewelry (either hand made or manufactured) will always compliment a women's attire and enhance her personality on the whole.

As mentioned above, beads are made out of many different types of materials out of which the most popular ones are pearls, amber, gemstones, metals, horn, coral, ivory, tortoiseshell, jet, wood, ceramic etc. A trendy beaded jewellery can be antique or contemporary as per the demand or requirement of the collectors and buyers.

There is a general notion that beads are usually used in artificial jewelry, which is not correct. Good quality beads can be used to complement the beauty of gold and silver jewelry. Beaded jewelry has a universal appeal and is worn by people of all age groups.

One of the upcoming trend that has been observed recently is that, hand made beads specially from countries in Africa and the Far East are getting a great deal of attention. Such type of jewelry serves a dual purpose of providing occupation for families in countries where sources of income are sparse and provides an altogether different variety of designs to the buyers.

Latest reports say that, jewellery retailers have reported good profits in the last couple of months. Even though falling incomes and the higher cost of living is causing a strain on the public purse, jewelry shoppers are still spending in stores. The market demand for beaded jewelry is great because they are highly affordable and looks good on all kinds of outfit. Industry insiders say that one of the driving factor behind these sales has been the trend of buying more affordable options and beaded jewelry fits the bill perfectly. Some say its a passing trend of investment in accessible luxury. As the beaded jewelry industry is growing by leaps and bounds, beaded jewelry exporters would certainly keep an eye on how long this trend continues.